In this post, Iโll take you through the MOST USED soccer terms and lingo to help you become a soccer expert.
But why is soccer terminology important?
Firstly, to enjoy watching soccer, you must know what soccer fans are talking about. What does โoffsideโ mean? Or what is a โleft wingerโ?
Knowing soccer terms will also help you analyze and appreciate the match dynamics better.
And finally, you donโt want to feel left out in a group of soccer fans. If you know your soccer lingo, youโll fit right in and even come across as an expert.
So, if you want to know (or learn) the most common soccer terms and slang, youโve come to the right place.
Basic Soccer Terms
Letโs start with the basics. Here are the soccer terms that will cover your fundamentals.
Basic Soccer Game Terms
These are soccer terms that youโll hear frequently during or after a game.
- Behind Closed Doors: soccer matches in which there are no spectators. This was a common occurrence during the pandemic.
โArsenal FC and Chelsea will play the match behind closed doors.โ - End-to-end stuff: used to describe an entertaining and exciting match. Here, both teams are creating goal scoring opportunities one after the other.
โRonaldo is through on goal but the keeper saves his shot. Barcelona go down the other end Messi just misses with his shot. This is End-to-end stuff!โ - Game of two halves: a game in which a team dominates the first half and the opposition dominates the second half.
โTottenham were 2 goals up in the first half. But Manchester United came back to get a 2-2 draw. It was a game of two halves!โ - Woodwork: a term used for the crossbar and posts of a soccer goal. The posts got the name Woodwork because they were made out of wood. However, the term is still used despite posts now made using metal.
โThe ball hit the woodwork and went out for a goalkick.โ
Player Terminology
These are basic terms that you can use in association with a player.
- Ballon dโOr: the biggest individual award in soccer. Itโs given to the best player of the year.
- Big Game Player: a player who always turns up in important matches and against the best opposition.
โDrogba has scored in almost every final he has played in. He was a big game player for Chelsea.โ - Fansโ favourite: a player who is extremely popular and loved by the fans of a team.
- Hang up oneโs boots: to retire from soccer.
โIn 2023, Ibrahimovic finally hung up his boots at the age of 41.โ - Howler: used when a player commits a huge error during a game. It can also refer to a refereeโs error.
โHe missed five clear chances in the game today. He had a real howler!โ - Knock: a small injury picked up during a game.
- Loan: a temporary transfer of a player to another club. Mostly lasts between 6 months to a year.
โReguillon will leave Manchester United after his 6-month loan expires.โ - One-club man: a player who spends his/her entire career playing for a single club.
eg. Ryan Giggs was a one-club man as he spent his entire career at Manchester United. - Pocket: a player is pocketed by a defender if the defender dominates him/her throughout the match.
โHe couldnโt get a single shot throughout the game. The defender had him in his pocket.โ
Soccer Club Terms
These terms are used to describe activities in and around a soccer club.
- Club: is the organization that runs a soccer team or a collection of teams.
eg. Manchester United FC, Arsenal FC, Real Madrid CF - Academy: the youth development program of soccer clubs. It is also called โYouth Academyโ or โCanteraโ in Spanish-speaking countries.
- Feeder club: certain large clubs have smaller clubs linked to them. These small clubs are called feeder clubs. They act as development experiences for young players of the larger club.
eg. New York City FC is a feeder club of Manchester City. - Lost the dressing room: when the coach/manager of a team has lost the support of the players.
โDue to his authoritative nature, he lost the dressing room. He got sacked soon after.โ - Pub team: refers to an amateur soccer team. Because these teams play mostly on Sundays, theyโre also called โSunday League Teamsโ.
- Yo-yo club: a soccer club that keeps getting relegated and promoted between two leagues.
โNorwich City keeps bouncing between the Premier League and Championship. Theyโve become a yo-yo club.โ
Soccer Season Terms
Some terms in soccer tell you how a teamโs season is going or what their record is. You will hear these terms throughout a soccer season.
- Aggregate score: in some of the cup competitions, teams play each other twice. Aggregate score is the combined score of two matches between the teams.
eg. First match: 1-0; Second match: 3-1; Aggregate score: 4-1 - All comps: used in stats to show a teamโs performance in all competitions.
- Clean Sheet: when a team does not concede a goal during a match.
- Cup: knockout tournaments that take place in parallel to the league.
eg. League Cup and FA Cup in England. - Cup run: the journey of a team through a cup tournament.
โOxford Unitedโs cup run comes to an end after reaching the round of 16.โ - Double: when a team wins two major trophies in a season. โManchester United did a double in 2008 by winning the Premier League and Champions Leagueโ.
It can also refer to a team beating their opposition in both home and away fixtures in a season. โBrighton did a double over Manchester City by beating them twice last season.โ - Drop points: when a team fails to win a match and doesnโt get all three points. A team could lose or draw a match to drop points.
- Fixture: another term for game or match.
โThe next fixture is Arsenal vs. Chelsea.โ - Fixture congestion: when a team has to play a lot of matches in a short period.
โLiverpool is facing fixture congestion as they play 3 matches in 10 days.โ - Game(s) in hand: if a team has played a lesser number of matches than other teams, then they have games in hand.
โManchester City are 2 points behind Liverpool. But they can go to the top of the table if they win their game in hand.โ - Goal difference (GD): the difference between goals scored and goals conceded by a team.
eg. if a team has scored 50 goals and conceded 30 goals, their GD is 20. - Group of death: the toughest group in a cup competition because all the teams in the group are strong contenders.
โGroup G in the World Cup is the Group of Death. It has Spain, Portugal, Germany, and Japan.โ - Home and away: home is a teamโs home ground. Away is when the team goes to another teamโs ground to play.
eg. If Man Utd plays at Old Trafford, itโs a home game. If they play at Liverpoolโs ground (Anfield), itโs an away game. - International break: break(s) between the regular season to play international matches.
- Pre-season: the period leading up to the regular season. Teams go on pre-season tours to play matches in different countries across the world.
- Promotion: when a team moves up a division from a lower league.
โBurnley got promoted from the Championship to Premier League last season.โ - Relegation: when a team moves down a division from a higher league.
โNorwich City got relegated from Premier League to Championship last season.โ - Silverware: another term used for trophies.
- Six-pointer: a game between teams competing for the title, relegation, or promotion. Both teams are playing with six points on the line.
eg. Manchester City (84 points) vs. Liverpool (85 points). If Man City win they also stop Liverpool from gaining 3 points. So this game is a six-pointer. - Top flight: the league at the highest level of a league pyramid.
eg. Premier League is the top flight of English soccer. - Treble: when a team wins three major trophies in a single season.
eg. Manchester City won the treble last year. They won the Premier League, FA Cup, and Champions League.
Soccer Field Terms
These terms are used to describe a soccer field and the things you find there.
- Pitch: an alternate term used to describe the field of play in soccer.
- Bench / Dugout: the area on the side of the pitch where coaches and substitutes sit. You can call it either a bench or a dugout.
- Box / Penalty Area: rectangular area in front of each goal where the goalkeeper can handle the ball.
- Byline: the line that runs from a goalpost to the corner flag.
โRashford took the ball to the byline before crossing it into the penalty area.โ - Center Circle: the circle around the center spot of the pitch.
- Center spot: the spot that marks the exact half of a soccer pitch. After each goal, the players restart play from the center spot. The game is also started from the center spot.
- D: a D-shaped semi-circle outside the penalty area. It is useful in penalty kicks to maintain a distance of at least 10 yards between the penalty spot and a player.
- Goal line: the line between goalposts which determines whether a goal is scored or not.
- Goalmouth: the section of the pitch right in front of the goal.
- Hole: space on a pitch between midfielders and forwards.
eg. the attacking midfielders play in the hole behind the striker. - Neutral ground: venue for a match that isnโt the home ground of either team.
โTeams play The FA Cup final at Wembley because it is a neutral ground.โ - Penalty spot: the spot inside the penalty area from where a penalty kick is taken.
- Technical area: it is the area on the side of the pitch where the coach/manager has to stay during a match.
- Touchline / Sideline: the line along the sides of a pitch that marks the playing area. Players take throw-ins from the touchline.
- Wing: the wide areas of the pitch which run alongside the touchline.
Soccer Positions and Roles
Now letโs look at the most common soccer positions and roles.
- Goalkeeper: the player responsible for defending a teamโs goal. Goalkeepers are the only players who can use their hands in a soccer match.
- Defender: players responsible for keeping the opposition away from their goal. Defenders are placed in front of the goalkeeper.
- Midfielder: players positioned between the defenders and forwards. They are responsible for controlling the game.
- Forward: players responsible for scoring goals for the team. They are positioned furthest up the pitch.
Defensive Positions
- Keeper / Goalie: informal terms used for the goalkeeper.
- Center-Back: defenders who defend the middle of the pitch. They are the last line of defense in front of the goalkeeper. A center-back is also called a central defender or a center-half.
- Fullback: defenders on either of the center-backs. Their primary role is to stop the opposition attacks in wide areas.
- Deep: used to describe a playerโs position whoโs playing closer to their own goal than usual. Players may collectively drop deeper to maintain a solid defense.
- Last man: the last player between an attacking player and a goalkeeper.
- Libero: a position invented in Italy used to describe a defender who drops deeper than the rest of the defense. A libero protects the empty space between the goalkeeper and the rest of the players.
- Sweeper: an English term for libero. In modern soccer, a goalkeeper can also play the role of sweeper.
Midfield Positions
- Attacking Midfielder: the midfielder who plays furthest up the pitch behind the forward. The attacking midfielder sets up the goals. Occasionally, he scores himself too.
- Box-to-box: midfielders who can contribute both in attack and defense.
- Half-back: an old soccer position for the midfielder playing in front of the defense.
- Holding midfielder: central midfielder with the primary responsibility of protecting the defense.
- Playmaker: attacking midfielder whose job is to create chances and control the flow of the play.
- Winger: midfielders who play along the wide areas of the pitch. Wingers carry the ball forward and deliver crosses for the strikers.
Forward Positions
- Attacker / Striker: alternate terms for a forward player.
- False nine: a forward player who drops back into the midfield to assist in build-up play.
- Fox in the box: a forward with excellent skills and movement inside the penalty area.
- Goal hanger: a derogatory term for a fox in the box. A goal hanger is a player who hangs in front of the goal for most of the match, waiting for an opportunity to score.
- Goal poacher: another term for a fox in the box.
- Inside forward: an old soccer position. An inside forward played behind the striker like a modern-day attacking midfielder.
- Outside forward: another old soccer position. An outside forward attacks from the wings, much like a modern-day winger.
- Target man: a tall and physical striker whoโs capable of heading and controlling the ball in the air. A target man is useful in holding up the play and involving other players in the game.
Miscellaneous Positions and Roles
These are the roles in soccer that cannot be attributed to a single position.
- Captain: the player chosen to lead the team (as in most other sports).
- Caretaker Manager: a coaching position. It is the person chosen to manage the team in the absence of a permanent manager.
- First eleven: the players of a squad who start the game of soccer.
- First team: the senior squad of a soccer club.
- Reserve team: the secondary squad of a soccer club. A reserve team consists of youth and trial players. It might also include a first-team player whoโs returning from a long-term injury.
- Outfield player: all the players on a soccer field apart from the goalkeeper.
- Retired number: a squad number of a club that is no longer used. It is a form of appreciation for a former player.
- Utility player: a player who can play in several different positions and roles.
Match Events
Time-Related Terms
These terms are used to describe the various time-based events during a soccer match.
- Added time / Stoppage time / Injury time: additional time allotted at the end of each half. Added time compensates for any time lost during the game.
- Early doors: early stages of a match.
โTheyโre down 1-0. But they shouldnโt worry too much as itโs still early doors.โ - Extra time: additional period at the end of 90 minutes in cup games. If the score is tied at the end of 90 minutes, the game goes into extra time. It consists of two halves of 15 minutes each.
- Fergie time: the dying moments of a game; deep into the stoppage time. Rival fans coined the term because they thought Manchester United, under Sir Alex Ferguson, got too much injury time when they were losing.
- Final whistle: the whistle to signal the end of a game.
- Full-time: the end of a game.
- Half-time: break between the two halves of a soccer match. Half-time lasts for 15 minutes.
- Kick-off: start of a soccer match.
- Normal time: the first 90 minutes of a soccer match.
Set Piece Terms
Set pieces are specialized routines that restart the play after a stoppage. Youโll hear these terms when the ball is out of play.
- Set piece: a routine when a ball is returned into play after a stoppage. A set piece is awarded when the ball goes out of play or a foul is committed.
- Corner Kick: a set piece taken after a defender puts the ball behind their goal side. A corner kick is taken from the one-yard radius of the corner flag.
- Dead Ball: a situation when the ball is not in play.
- Direct free kick: is awarded after a foul. The fouled team can score directly from a direct free kick.
- Drop ball: a way to restart the play after a play stops due to reasons other than a foul or misconduct. Possible reasons include a head injury to a player or the referee interfering in the play. In a drop ball, the referee drops the ball between two opposing players who then compete for the dropped ball.
- Free kick: A team is awarded a free kick outside the penalty area when someone fouls them. A free kick can be direct or indirect.
- Goal kick: a method of restarting the play after an attacker puts the ball behind the opponentโs goal side.
- Indirect free kick: a type of free kick where the players canโt score directly. This means that the ball must touch another player before a goal can be scored.
- Penalty kick: a team is awarded a penalty kick after a foul is committed on them inside the penalty area. A penalty kick is taken from the penalty spot which is 12 yards away from the goal.
- Spot-kick: an alternate term for a penalty kick.
- Throw-in: method of restarting the play from the sidelines when the ball goes out of play. In a throw-in, the player uses their hand to throw the ball back into play.
Goal Related Terms
We all love the moment when a player scores a goal in soccer. But what are the terms used to describe a goal? Hereโs your answer.
- Against the run of play: used when a team scores despite getting outplayed for most of the match.
- Assist: the final pass that leads to a goal.
- Back of the net: a situation when the ball hits the net inside the goal. You can use the term whenever a goal is scored.
โThe ball hits the back of the net and itโs 1-0 to the home team.โ - Brace: when a player scores two goals in a game.
- Consolation goal: when the losing team scores a goal towards the end of the match. It is a consolation goal ONLY IF the team is losing by more than 1 goal. Otherwise, it would be an equalizer.
- Equalizer: when a team scores a goal to equal the score.
- Goal: the action of scoring a point in the match.
- Ghost goal: an unfair situation where the ball crossed the goal line but the goal was not awarded. Conversely, a ghost goal is also used for a situation where the ball does not cross the line but a goal is awarded.
- Goal from open play: a goal that is not scored from a set piece.
- Hit the crossbar/woodwork: when a player shoots and the ball hits the posts on the side of a goalpost.
- Phantom goal: another word for ghost goal.
- Last-minute goal: a goal scored in the last minute of playing time.
- Hat-trick: when a player scores three goals in a game.
- Open goal: when no opposing player (even the goalkeeper) is defending the goal.
- Own goal: when a player scores a goal against their own team.
- Perfect hat-trick: when a player scores three goals in a game โ one with left foot, one with right foot, and one with a header.
- Screamer: describes a long-range shot that a player hits with immense power. If you see a long-range goal, you can safely scream โWhat a screamer!โ
- Sitter: a situation where the goal is open but the striker still misses.
โThe goalkeeper was nowhere to be seen, yet he missed. He missed a sitter!โ - Shot on target: an attempt to score that finds its way towards the goal frame.
- Super hat-trick: when a player scores four goals in a game.
Miscellaneous Match Events
These are also important match events but do not fit into any of the other categories.
- Penalty shootout: in a knockout competition, if the match ends in a tie after the normal and extra time, we go to a penalty shootout. Players from each team take turns to shoot a penalty and the best out of 5 wins.
- Sudden death: in case the match is still tied after 5 penalties in a shootout, the match goes into sudden death. The teams continue to take penalties until one team misses and the other scores.
- Sending off: when a player is told to leave the field after receiving a red card.
Playing Actions and Verbs
These terms will help you describe a playerโs actions on the soccer field.
Dribbling Soccer Terms
Dribbling is one of the most common features of a soccer match. These terms will help you get accustomed to the terms used in dribbling.
- Dribbling: when a player runs with the ball at their feet.
- Carry: when a player progresses the ball themselves rather than passing to a teammate.
- Cruyff turn: a soccer skill move named after the Dutch legend Johan Cruyff. In a Cruyff turn, the player fakes a pass and drags the ball behind their standing leg.
- Cuauhtemiรฑa: another famous skill move named after the Mexican legend Cuauhtรฉmoc Blanco. The player traps the ball between their feet and jumps past several defenders.
- First touch: the ability of a player to control a pass and make the ball do what they want on the first touch.
- Keepie-uppie: a soccer skill where the player keeps the ball in the air by juggling the ball. The player can use their feet, head, shoulders, or the head to juggle the ball. Keepie-uppies are also called kick-ups.
- Mazy run: when a player dribbles past several opponents without losing possession of the ball.
- Nutmeg: a soccer skill where the player plays the ball between an opponentโs legs. The player can choose to pass or recollect the ball after a nutmeg.
- Rounding the โkeeper: a skill move where the striker dribbles past the opponentโs goalie to create an open goal.
- Seal dribble: a skilled dribbling move where the player flicks up the ball onto their head. Then they continue moving forward while juggling the ball on their forehead.
- Step over: another skill move where the player moves their feet over the ball without touching it. Step-overs are useful in confusing the opposing defenders.
- Trap: when a player brings an airborne ball under control.
Passing Soccer Terms
These are the terms that describe the action of passing in soccer.
- Pass: when a player kicks to ball to a teammate.
- Backheel: a type of pass where the player kicks the ball from their heel. A backheel is useful when you want to pass backward.
- Cross: delivery of the ball from the wide areas of the pitch into the penalty area.
- Flick-on: when a player receives a pass and immediately touches it on for a running teammate.
- Give-and-go: a passing sequence between two teammates to progress the ball. The first player passes the ball to the second player. Then the first player runs past the opponent and the second player passes the ball back to the first player.
- Hollywood ball: an ambitious long-range pass that looks good for the cameras.
- Hospital ball: an underpowered pass that doesnโt reach the teammate and is intercepted by an opposing player.
- Lay-off pass: a gentle pass into the path of a running teammate coming from behind.
- Long ball: when a player lobs the ball to find a teammate further up the pitch.
- One touch: a style of play where the players pass the ball around quickly using a single touch.
- One-two: another name for the give-and-go.
- Square ball: when a player passes the ball laterally across the pitch.
- Through-ball: a forward pass played ahead of a running teammate. A through ball is useful to split the defense and beat the offside trap.
Different Types of Shots
There are different types of shots in soccer. So itโs natural that the shots will also have different terms.
- Bending/curving the ball: a shooting technique where the player uses their foot to add spin to the ball. This makes the ball curve in the air.
- Bicycle kick / Overhead kick / Scissor kick: a type of shot where the player throws their body in the air to kick the ball over their head. In a bicycle kick, the player moves their feet in a pedaling motion, resembling a bicycle pedal.
- Chip: when a player wedges their foot under the ball to give it a high trajectory. Chip shots are useful when the goalkeeper is away from the goal line.
- Half-volley: when a player takes a shot immediately after the ball touches the ground.
- Header: when a player uses their head to take a shot or pass the ball.
- Knuckleball: a method of shooting where the player strikes the ball in such a manner that it produces no spin at all. Goalkeepers have a hard time judging the flight of a knuckleball.
- Panenka: a type of penalty kick named after Czechoslovakian player Antonรญn Panenka. In this method, the penalty taker delicately chips the ball to deceive the goalkeeper. They do this instead of shooting with power.
- Rabona: a skilled method of kicking the ball where the player wraps the kicking leg behind the standing leg.
- Scorpion kick: a type of shot where the player dives forward and flicks their kicking leg up to kick the ball.
- Toe poke: when a player kicks the ball with the tip of their foot.
- Volley: when a player kicks the ball before it hits the ground.
Different Types of Tackles
These are the terms used for different types of tackles in soccer.
- Block Tackle: a type of tackle where the defender uses the inside of their foot to block the ball away from the attacker.
- Challenge: when a player tries to win the ball back from the opponent.
- Clearance: when a defender kicks the ball away from a dangerous attacking area.
- Goal-line clearance: when a defender clears the ball away off the goal line.
- Interception: when a player prevents a pass from reaching its intended target.
- Obstruction: an illegal defensive technique where the defender (not in control of the ball) positions their body between the ball and a running attacker. Obstructing a player leads to a foul.
- Professional foul: when a player commits an intentional foul. It is a calculated foul where the benefit outweighs the risk. Professional fouls are mostly committed when the opposition is breaking away.
- Shielding: a defensive technique where the defender positions their body between the ball and the forward. The defender must be in control of the ball when shielding or itโs seen as an obstruction.
- Slide tackle: a type of tackle where the defender slides along the ground to tackle the opponent.
- Two-footed tackle: when a player goes into a tackle with both their feet. It is often considered dangerous play and can result in a yellow or even red card.
Attacking Play Soccer Terms
What do you call different attacking plays in soccer? These terms will help you out.
- Bending Runs: when an attacker makes a curved run (not in a straight line). Bending runs are useful for beating the offside trap.
- Blind-side run: when an attacker runs without the ball outside of the defenderโs field of vision.
- Breakaway: when the forward(s) of a team runs past the defenders to create a one-on-one with the goalkeeper.
- Chance: a situation where the attacker can shoot at goal.
- Corridor of uncertainty: the area of a soccer pitch between the goalkeeper and the defenders. Players look to play long passes in the corridor of uncertainty to create chances for the strikers.
- Dummy: a skill move where the player fakes to receive the ball but allows the ball to run past them.
- Goalside: when the attacker positions themselves closer to the goal than the defender.
- Hold up the ball: when a player (usually a forward) receives a long ball from a teammate and controls and shields it from the opponent. The intention of holding up the ball is to slow down the play and allow other players to join the attack.
- Man on!: a warning to alert the player with the ball that a defender is closing him down.
- Near post/Back post: the side of the goal relative to the attack. If the attack is building from the left side then the left side of the goal is the near post and vice versa. On the other hand, the right side of the goal will become the backpost.
- One-on-one: when the goalkeeper is the only player between the striker and the goal.
Defensive Play Soccer Terms
These are the terms used to describe the defensive plays in soccer.
- Ball recovery: a successful attempt by a player to regain possession of the ball.
- Defensive wall: also called Wall. It is a row of players who line up 10 yards away from a free kick. The goal of a wall is to deny the striker a clear shot at goal from the free kick.
- Dirty work: when a midfielder does the unappreciated work of marking the opponent, making tackles, or playing simple passes.
- Fifty-fifty: when two opposing players have an equal chance of winning the ball.
- Goalmouth scramble: when several players of both teams try to gain control of a loose ball in front of the goal.
- Pressing: when the defending team pressures the attacking team to regain control of the ball.
- Recovery: when players of a team fall back to form a defensive block behind the ball.
- Save: when a goalkeeper prevents the ball from crossing the goal line.
- Shutout: another term used for a clean sheet.
- Under the cosh: when the attacking team puts the defense under constant pressure.
โBurnley are under the cosh as Arsenal keep attacking them in waves.โ
Dirty Play Soccer Terms
Not all actions on a soccer pitch are worthy of appreciation. These terms will help you call out dirty play in soccer.
- Diving / Flopping / Simulation: when a player goes to the ground without getting tackled to win a foul. Players mostly dive to win free kicks or penalty kicks.
- Play-acting: when a player pretends to be injured. Players play-act to get the refereeโs attention and force the referee to punish the aggressor.
Tactical Soccer Terms
Next up we have the soccer terms for the budding Guardiolas and Mourinhos of the world. If you want to impress your soccer buddies, you should know the tactical soccer terms.
- Buildup: the first phase of attack for the team in possession.
- Catenaccio: an Italian soccer tactic that emphasizes a solid defense.
- Channel: the space between the center-backs and fullbacks. The wide players mostly play in the channel.
- Christmas Tree: name for the 4-5-1 formation. The structure of 4-5-1 resembles a Christmas tree.
- Compact defending: a defensive tactic where all the defenders stay close to each other. Compact defending helps to reduce spaces between the defenders.
- Counterattack: a tactic where the defending team mounts a fast and direct attack immediately after regaining possession.
- Counterpressing: a tactic where a team starts pressing the opponent immediately after losing possession of the ball.
- Flat back four: a defensive structure where all four defenders line up in a straight line across the pitch. A flat defense is useful in playing offside traps.
- Flat back three: like the flat back four but consists of three defenders.
- Formation: structure of a team on a pitch.
- Marking: when a defender marks a player to prevent them from receiving a pass.
- Man-to-man marking: a marking system where each defender marks their allotted player.
- Zonal marking: a marking system where each player defends their allotted area.
- Offside trap: a defensive tactic where all the defenders simultaneously step forward to put the striker in an offside position.
- Overlap: when a player runs from the deep past his teammate (who has the ball). An opposition defender shadows this teammate. The overlapping run confuses the defender to either stay with the teammate or follow the running player.
- Parking the bus: a tactic where all the outfield players play a defensive role. Teams park the bus when they need a draw or theyโre defending a one-goal advantage.
- Route one: a soccer tactic where the team plays a direct style of soccer. Defenders and midfielders launch long balls from their halves to find the attacking players.
- Tiki-taka: a style of play that emphasizes short passes and clever movement. Tiki-taka aims to control the possession of the ball for the majority of the match.
- Total Football: a style of play where players donโt have any fixed roles. Any outfield player can take the role of another outfield player in the team.
Game Officials and Rules
Officials and Technology
These terms are used to describe the officials in a soccer match.
- Assistant Referee / Linesman: an official who assists the referee in officiating the match.
- Fourth official: additional assistant referee. They stand near the technical area and help the referee manage the game.
- Video assistant referee (VAR): technology-based officiating system. It helps the referee make crucial decisions.
- Goal-line technology: a system to determine whether the ball has crossed the goal line or not.
Rules
These are the most common rules in soccer you should be aware of.
- Advantage Rule: a referee can refrain from stopping the play after a foul. An advantage is played if the fouled team still has the possession.
- Away Goals Rule: a rule to determine the winner in certain cup competitions. If the scores are level after the two games, the team that has scored more away goals goes through.
eg. Team A won the 1st leg 2-1. Team B won the 2nd leg 1-0. The aggregate score is 2-2, but Team B will go through because they scored more away goals. - Cap-tied: when a player has played for a national team, he/she becomes ineligible to represent another nation.
- Cup-tied: a player is ineligible to play in a cup competition because they have played for a different team earlier in the same competition.
- Designated player rule: a rule in the MLS. It allows teams to pay players either partially or completely outside the salary cap.
- Golden goal: an obsolete rule to determine a winner in case of a tie. The first team to score in extra time wins the game.
- Laws of the Game: a document that contains all the rules of soccer.
- Play to the whistle: a term used to tell the players to not stop playing until they hear the refereeโs whistle.
Violations
These are the different types of violations youโll see in a soccer match.
- Dissent: when a player uses foul language or gestures towards the officials.
- Foul: when a player stops an opposing player through unfair means.
- Handball: when a player uses their hands to control the ball. Goalkeepers can use their hands to control the ball inside the penalty area.
- High foot: when a player raises their foot to a dangerously high position. If the foot is raised from the chest and above, it is considered a high foot.
- Offside: a very complicated rule. But in basic terms, a player is offside if they are in their opponentโs half of the field, and are closer to the goal line than both the second-last defender and the ball. It is determined at the moment the ball is played to them by a teammate.
- Passive offside: a player is not considered offside if theyโre not involved in the play. So, a player can be standing in an offside position but if they donโt try to run for the ball, itโs not an offside.
Cards
You also need to know the different cards in soccer and what they mean.
- Booking: when the referee notes down the offenderโs name after giving a yellow card.
- Caution: another term for a yellow card. Since a yellow card is a caution for the offender.
- Red card: a player receives a red card after a serious offense or two yellow cards. The player has to leave the field after a red card. This leaves their team down to 10 men for the rest of the game.
- Yellow card: a player receives a yellow card after a cautionable offense. If the player receives a second yellow card in the same match, they get a red card. Also known as a booking or caution.
- Straight red: when a player gets a red card for a single serious offense.
Soccer Equipment
These are the most common soccer equipment you need to know.
- Armband: signifies the role of a captain. Sometimes armbands are also worn to commemorate a death or a tragedy.
- Ball: the main playing equipment in soccer. It is spherical in shape.
- Boots / Cleats: the footwear worn by soccer players.
- Corner flag: flags placed on four corners of the pitch to mark the playing area.
- Crossbar: horizontal bar across the top of the goal.
- Flag: used by the assistant referees to communicate offside and other violations with the referee.
- Goalpost: vertical bars on both sides of the goal.
- Kit / Jersey: clothing worn by soccer players.
- Shin pads or Shin guards: players wear shin guards under the socks to protect their shins.
- Side netting: outside part of the goal net.
- Studs: small points underneath the boots to prevent players from slipping.
Soccer Competitions
There are hundreds of different soccer competitions around the world. But I wonโt be covering them all here. So letโs look at the most famous competitions.
International Competitions
- World Cup: the biggest soccer competition which takes place once every four years. 32 nations from around the globe take part in the World Cup.
- Euros: a cup competition for the European nations.
- Copa America: cup competition for the South American nations.
National Leagues
- Bundesliga: the top division of German soccer.
- La Liga: the top division of Spain.
- Ligue 1: the top division of France.
- MLS (Major League Soccer): the biggest soccer league in the United States.
- Premier League: top-flight of English soccer.
- Serie A: top division of Italy.
National Cup Competitions
- Carabao Cup: the secondary cup competition in England.
- Copa Del Rey: the primary cup competition in Spain.
- Coppa Italia: the primary cup competition in Italy.
- DFB Pokal: the primary cup competition in Germany.
- FA Cup: the primary cup competition in England.
- MLS Cup: cup competition in the United States which determines the winner of the MLS season.
Continental Cup Competitions
- Champions League: the biggest cup competition in Europe.
- Conference League: the third-level cup competition in Europe.
- Copa Libertadores: the biggest cup competition in South America.
- Europa League: the second-level cup competition in Europe.
Other Soccer Matches
- Exhibition match / Friendly: a friendly match between two teams doesnโt hold any value. Theyโre played before the start of the regular season.
Soccer Organizations
- AFC: Asian Football Confederation. It is the governing body of Asian soccer. AFC can also mean association football club and is alongside the name of soccer clubs.
- CAF: Confederation of African Football. CAF is the governing body of soccer in Africa.
- CONCACAF: Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football. It is the governing body of soccer in North and Central America and the Caribbean.
- CONMEBOL: Confederaciรณn Sudamericana de Fรบtbol. The English translation is South American Football Association. It is the governing soccer body in South America.
- FC: Football Club.
- FIFA: Fรฉdรฉration Internationale de Football Association (International Federation of Association Football). It is the world governing body of soccer.
- Football pyramid: it is the English league system. The pyramid represents a hierarchy of soccer leagues across England. Teams can get relegated and promoted across these leagues.
- IFAB: International Football Association Board. It is the organization that sets the rules of soccer.
- OFC: Oceania Football Confederation.
- UEFA: Union of European Football Associations.
Soccer Culture
The last category (but surely not the least) is the terms used in soccer culture. These terms were created by the fans and became a part of soccer folklore.
- 12th Man: refers to the fans at a soccer match. Especially in cases where the fans are loud and provide motivation for the team.
- 4th Place Trophy: an imaginary trophy used to refer to the team that finishes in the top four of the Premier League. The top four teams of the Premier League qualify for the Champions League.
- Anti-football: a derogatory term used for teams that play a defensive style of soccer.
- Barras Bravas: passionate fans or ultras in South America.
- Bottler: refers to a player or team that performs well at the start of the season. But their form dips towards the end of the season.
โArsenal were top of the table until Christmas. They bottled the league.โ - Boxing Day: refers to the soccer fixtures in England a day after Christmas.
- Cap: given to a player when they play for a national team.
- Cupset: when an underdog team defeats the favorites in a knockout competition.
- Derby: soccer match between two local rivals.
- El Clรกsico: mostly refers to the match between Real Madrid and Barcelona. Most derby matches in Spanish-speaking countries are also called El Clasico.
- European night: refers to a night game in European competitions.
- Farmers league: a derogatory term used for leagues that are not as competitive as others.
- Fortress: refers to the home ground of a team that has a strong record at home.
- Giant-killing: when a lower division team defeats a team from a higher division in cup competitions.
- Golazo: slang for a spectacular goal.
- Groundhopping: when a soccer fan visits as many soccer stadiums as possible.
- Hairdryer treatment: when a manager yells at the players in the dressing room. The phrase was made by Sir Alex Ferguson.
- Hammer: when a team defeats their opposition by a big margin.
โManchester City hammered Burnley 5-0.โ - Hand of God: Diego Maradonaโs goal against England at the 1986 World Cup. Maradona used his hand to score the goal.
- Hooligans: an extreme group of supporters of a soccer club who cause violence at games.
- Kop: a term used for terraced stands in stadiums. Liverpoolโs Kop is the most famous in soccer.
- Mexican wave: a stadium activity where the crowd stands up, raises their hands in the air, and sits down in sequence.
- Mickey Mouse Cup: cup competitions considered to be of lower quality.
- Minnow: an alternate term for underdogs.
- Pitch invasion: when a crowd of people runs onto the soccer pitch. The fans invade the pitch to either celebrate or protest.
- The Poznaล: a fan celebration where the fans jump up and down with their backs turned to the pitch. The name comes from the Polish club Lech Poznaล.
- Project Mbappรฉ: the dream of soccer parents to turn their child into a soccer star. Parents make their children go through intense soccer training to achieve this goal.
- Second season syndrome: when a promoted club struggles during their second season in the league.
- Soft: when the referee awards a questionable foul to the opposing team.
โThe defender barely touched him! That was a soft penalty.โ - Squeaky-bum time: tense moments towards the end of a league season. Sir Alex Ferguson coined this term.
- Ultras: soccer fans known for their fanatical support and elaborate displays at soccer matches.
- Worldy: refers to a world-class goal.
Thank You For Reading
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